{"id":17816,"date":"2020-09-07T10:39:42","date_gmt":"2020-09-07T08:39:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dirkvanbabylon.com\/?p=17816"},"modified":"2026-09-03T06:49:21","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T04:49:21","slug":"addiction-antipsychotiques","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dirkvanbabylon.com\/fr\/addiction-et-dependance\/sortir-de-la-dependance\/addiction-antipsychotiques\/","title":{"rendered":"Addiction : antipsychotiques"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les antipsychotiques constituent un groupe de m\u00e9dicaments dont le principal objectif est de combattre les sympt\u00f4mes d\u2019une psychose. Lorsque j\u2019\u00e9tais encore \u00e9tudiant, nous parlions de neuroleptiques. Ce terme est aujourd\u2019hui d\u00e9suet, tout comme les m\u00e9dicaments de l\u2019\u00e9poque, dont certains sont encore utilis\u00e9s dans d\u2019autres domaines, mais qui ne le sont plus couramment. Et c\u2019est une bonne chose.<\/span><\/p>\n

Le traitement de la psychose chronique repose aujourd\u2019hui sur les antipsychotiques modernes ou atypiques. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 introduits au cours de ma carri\u00e8re. J\u2019ai pu suivre cette \u00e9volution et constater que ces nouvelles mol\u00e9cules pr\u00e9sentent effectivement moins d\u2019effets secondaires et agissent mieux sur les sympt\u00f4mes n\u00e9gatifs que les anciennes.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les antipsychotiques atypiques ont apport\u00e9 un progr\u00e8s tangible en mati\u00e8re d\u2019autonomie et de ma\u00eetrise des risques de n\u00e9gligence et de d\u00e9crochage psychosocial. L\u2019exemple originel des antipsychotiques est la r\u00e9serpine, une substance que l\u2019on peut extraire de <\/span>Rauwolfia serpentina<\/span><\/i>. C\u2019est une plante que nous connaissons depuis longtemps. Le bois-serpent appartient \u00e0 la famille des apocynac\u00e9es.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u2019est ce qu\u2019ils avaient autrefois, et je parle ici d\u2019avant mon \u00e9poque, lorsque la m\u00e9decine et la pharmacologie modernes n\u2019existaient pas encore. Il s\u2019agit probablement du tout premier antipsychotique qui fut \u00e9galement utilis\u00e9 dans le traitement de l\u2019hypertension art\u00e9rielle. La r\u00e9serpine a \u00e9t\u00e9 abandonn\u00e9e en raison de ses effets secondaires g\u00eanants, notamment du nombre \u00e9lev\u00e9 de suicides parmi ses utilisateurs, car elle favorisait la d\u00e9pression.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nous disposons aujourd\u2019hui de meilleurs m\u00e9dicaments. Nous pouvons n\u00e9anmoins en tirer une le\u00e7on : lorsque la psychiatrie en \u00e9tait encore \u00e0 ses balbutiements, dans les ann\u00e9es cinquante du si\u00e8cle dernier, l\u2019accent \u00e9tait mis sur l\u2019apaisement de l\u2019agitation psychotique. Ramener le calme \u00e9tait le ma\u00eetre mot. Lorsque le diaz\u00e9pam, commercialis\u00e9 sous la marque Valium, est arriv\u00e9 sur le march\u00e9 et a cr\u00e9\u00e9 son propre march\u00e9 sans fin, il s\u2019est av\u00e9r\u00e9 qu\u2019il ne donnait pas satisfaction dans l\u2019agitation psychotique, notamment en raison de l\u2019accoutumance rapide.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u2019est ainsi que la chlorpromazine fit son apparition comme premier antipsychotique r\u00e9ellement utilisable, une avanc\u00e9e \u00e9norme dans le traitement de la psychose et de la schizophr\u00e9nie. Les psychiatres, et sans doute aussi les patients, recherchaient avant tout le calme. Le ralentissement psychomoteur, la diminution de l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat, le manque d\u2019initiative, l\u2019indiff\u00e9rence \u00e9motionnelle et l\u2019\u00e9moussement affectif \u00e9taient probablement consid\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque comme un prix \u00e0 payer. Aujourd\u2019hui, nous y sommes attentifs et nous disposons de meilleurs moyens qui ne perturbent pas les capacit\u00e9s intellectuelles de la personne concern\u00e9e, mais tendent au contraire \u00e0 la lib\u00e9rer de cette d\u00e9tresse, de sorte qu\u2019une vie autonome devienne possible.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les antipsychotiques constituent un groupe de m\u00e9dicaments dont le principal objectif est de combattre les sympt\u00f4mes d\u2019une psychose. Lorsque […]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":17817,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[381],"tags":[331],"class_list":["post-17816","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sortir-de-la-dependance","tag-peter-van-breusegem","authors-peter-van-breusegem"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAddiction : antipsychotiques - dirk van babylon<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dirkvanbabylon.com\/fr\/addiction-et-dependance\/sortir-de-la-dependance\/addiction-antipsychotiques\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Addiction : antipsychotiques - dirk van babylon\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les antipsychotiques constituent un groupe de m\u00e9dicaments dont le principal objectif est de combattre les sympt\u00f4mes d\u2019une psychose. 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His research was informed by thinkers such as Heraclitus, Laozi, Leibniz, Iain McGilchrist, Paul Mus, and Tran Duc Thao, whose insights paved the way for an innovative synthesis. Iain McGilchrist's hypothesis of hemispheric asymmetry, in particular, offered the final key to unlocking an epistemological impasse that had fascinated him for decades. His work represents both a culmination and a continuation of this age-old dialogue. Lichtenberg's intellectual journey began with intimate exposure to cultural boundaries from childhood, fostering an early sensitivity to the relativity of worldviews. His extended residence in Asia\u2014particularly transformative years in Beijing and Hanoi\u2014provided direct encounter with alternative epistemological frameworks that challenged Western assumptions about knowledge and reality. This experiential foundation sparked systematic inquiry into the mechanics of epistemology, leading to investigation of how different civilizations construct and validate knowledge. The author's multilingual background enabled access to primary sources across traditions, while his economic training provided analytical tools for examining the practical implications of philosophical divergence. Key intellectual influences emerged through engagement with overlooked thinkers: Hans F\u00fcrstenberg's dialectical vision of the 21st century revealed possibilities for synthesis beyond binary opposition; Iain McGilchrist's hemispheric analysis provided neurological grounding for civilizational differences; Ernst Bloch's metaphorical interpretation of religion suggested pathways beyond literal dogmatism. Paul Mus's cross-cultural mediation and Albert Schweitzer's universal ethics demonstrated practical applications of philosophical integration. The synthesis of these insights, combined with direct observation of East-West dynamics in contemporary Asia, enabled recognition of the profound epistemological crisis underlying current global tensions, transforming personal cultural curiosity into systematic analysis of civilizational psychology and its practical implications for human development.","sameAs":["https:\/\/eastwestsharing.blogspot.com\/%20","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@OlivierLichtenberg"],"url":"https:\/\/dirkvanbabylon.com\/fr\/author\/olivier\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dirkvanbabylon.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17816","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dirkvanbabylon.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dirkvanbabylon.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dirkvanbabylon.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dirkvanbabylon.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17816"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/dirkvanbabylon.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17816\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17818,"href":"https:\/\/dirkvanbabylon.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17816\/revisions\/17818"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dirkvanbabylon.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17817"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dirkvanbabylon.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17816"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dirkvanbabylon.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17816"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dirkvanbabylon.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17816"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}